Bless Me Ultima Character Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bless Me Ultima Character Analysis - Essay Example Another example that illustrates Antonio’s wisdom and seriousness ness is his early understanding of the conflicts between his father’s and mother’s respective goals for him. This demonstrates his acute sensitivity, because he is aware that he is trapped between two different worlds and cultures. While his father wants him to be a vaqero and follow in his own footsteps by riding a llano, his mother is from a farming community and she wants her son to become a priest, insisting that he display model behavior when Ultima arrives because of his destiny to become a priest. The bond between Antonio and Ultima derives from the folk healer’s understanding of the boy’s inherent wisdom and moral aptitude, despite his uncertainty about his own destiny. In fact, it is this very duality in his heritage which is the foundation for Antonio’s understanding of the duality of contrasts that exists in the world. His father’s and mother’s people are different, Ultima tells him – the Lunas are constantly orbiting the moon while the Marez associate with the restless, ever changing ocean. This is the basis for Antonio to understand the duality of God – the father who is stern and not always forgiving vis a vis the virgin who is loving and always forgiving. Antonio is brought face to face with death at an early age, when he witnesses the death of Lupito, one of the village residents. This is the catalyst that sparks Antonio’s moral side and plunges him into a deep and intense crisis of faith, where he becomes unsure of the validity and strength of his Catholic faith. However, throughout the novel, it is Ultima and her calm wisdom that help the boy to weather his internal crisis and growth. Slowly he learns how to trust and make his own moral choices, he learns how to rely upon himself and his own decisions in determining his own future. He learns to draw solace from nature and to

New Venture Creation and Business Planning Essay

New Venture Creation and Business Planning - Essay Example Particularly, cash flow forecast indicates Tea Infusions will sustain cash reserves of  £0.18 million at the end of Year 1 of operations. This is achieved by keeping labour costs low, procuring cost-effective raw product from China, and the high mark-up rate on finished product compared to raw materials costs. The business anticipates long-term profitability and will have substantial retained earnings throughout the first year of operations to pay salaries to executives and employees working in the organisation. Payback of all start-up capital will occur within Year 2 of operations. The business is proactive in identifying potential risks, including information technology failures, equipment failures and issues with supplier competency in delivering timely and fresh products. The company, to explore all potential risks, will be creating a steering committee that reports directly to the Board of Directors as a means of establishing a competent and well-developed risk management system. Tea Infusions recognises that there is a gap in the market for distributing Chinese teas with limited suppliers selling foreign teas. In Brighton, on the Southern coast of England, there are 480,000 citizens that are not being serviced with different Chinese tea products. In the UK as a whole, there is a substantial increase in the population of Asians and the Asian tea culture has gained popularity in the country in recent years. Hence, this illustrates an opportunity to bring top quality Chinese teas to a market with demand for these products and where many rare Chinese teas are unfamiliar to consumer demographics. In Brighton area, rare teas include Dragon Well Tea (Long Jing Tea), Bi Luo Chun Tea, Keemun Black Tea and Ba Bao Tea. Common infusions which accompany a well-bodied cup of tea include the foreign goji berry, lyceum berry, and the red jujube, each with a sense of mystical intrigue and physical

Performance Appraisal System In Nokia

Performance Appraisal System In Nokia This report is aimed at critically analysing the performance appraisal and their strategic implications in contemporary firms operating in turbulent and changing business environment, requiring valuable, rare and inimitable business processes to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. In order to achieve the aim of this report, the researcher has chosen Nokia, the Finnish telecom giant that has been highlighted as the best telecommunication company to work for by Forbes International (Datamonitor, 2009). The company is also among one of the largest in terms of market capitalisation within Europe and therefore owes much to the Finnish national culture within its management, especially human resource management. Drawing upon Times (2005), the company has its modest roots as one of the many forestry firms a century ago in Finland; however it has evolved over the years through its effective human resource policies to employ more than 50,000 people across the globe with operations span ning all the developed, emerging and developing economies. It has been argued by Nokia (2009a) that people policies have played an important role in the rise of the firm within telecommunication sector that required high degree of creativity and innovation by its employees and workforce. The company is among the few firms within telecommunication industry that has profit margins in excess of 20% to 25% for more than a decade, which have not been effected by the fierce competition by other firms in contemporary firms (Nokia, 2009b). It can therefore be highlighted that intellectual capital has been one of the key source of achieving these efficiencies and effectiveness within the business that have been translated into sustainable competitive advantage. Nokia Organisational Background: Nokia has held the leadership position within the global mobile handset sector for more than a decade, which has however been challenged at different points in time by a range of other manufacturers but the company has evolved its business model to align itself with the changing business environment. Drawing upon Datamonitor (2009), the company has diversified into related business in the wake of stiff competition from value and luxury segments, therefore requiring both high degree of differentiation and cost leadership by the firm. The company is currently actively pursuing its position within telecommunication equipment, TV set-top boxes, and mobile telephony software and hardware development. In the light of Nokia (2009c), the company has its roots like many other traditional Finnish companies within forestry in 1865, however the company evolved over the decades and become one of the leading players in mobile technology in 1960s. It is argued by Pollitt (2004) that the key changes within strategy of the firm came in 1980s when senior management become focused on developing intellectual capital and retaining high performance of the company, which was coupled with public offerings of the firm. The company became part of the global corporations after starting trading in London (1987), Frankfurt (1988) and New York (1994). The company has acquired a number of firms during its evolution and has strategically accumulated the human resources from these firms, which has again benefited from its performance appraisals, pay-for-performance, and talent retention strategies, which have been critically analysed in this report. Human Resource Strategy: Nokia has been highlighted by both academic and commercial literature as one of the organisations that can be used for comparison and benchmarking due to the fact that it is flat structured and networked across its global operations (Christopher, 1995). This structure of the firm has led to the fact that it is agile and flexible to grab any window of opportunity that appears within the business environment of the firm. This structure has been aligned with the corporate strategy of the firm to achieve broad market competitive focus within the market that has underlying differentiation competitive advantage in terms of Porters Generic Strategies, which can be illustrated as follows: Cost Leadership Differentiation Focus Narrow Target Broad Target Lower Cost Differentiation Competitive Advantage Competitive Scope Nokias Position on Porters Generic Strategies Adapted from Porter (1985) Strategic Core Strategic Periphery * It can be argued that in order to achieve the strategic aim and objectives of the firm to become an agile and flexible entity that can achieve competitive advantage, the firm required a robust human resource strategy that is in line with these changes. Drawing upon Briscoe Schuler (2004), there has been radical change within the HRM strategy of the company after the appointment of Mr. Jorma Ollila as the CEO of the firm in 1992, who initiated the pay-for-performance concept within the company. The philosophy behind the refocus of the HRM strategy has been to create a compensation mechanism that in aligned with the performance and hard work of employees, therefore motivating employees to achieve the key performance indicators that are assigned to them. This was aligned with the Nokia Way, the values of the firm, which were defined to incorporate performance of employees as one of the key in achieving overall objectives of the firm. It has been argued by Nokia (2009d) that Nokia Way h as been seen as the common glue that has held the HRM strategy of the firm aligning it with the business environment. There has been significant discussion within literature highlighting the best fit approach of the company towards its retaining talent through appraisals and compensations that are effective and efficient. Performance Management and Nokia: The Nokia Way has been highlighted within the literature as one of the key documents consolidating the HRM strategy of Nokia and it is this document that has highlighted retention of high performers. Drawing upon Stanley et al (2000), it can be argued that the document is no different from HRM policies presented by many other organisations; however the way in which it is processed on day to day activities has been highlighted as the key advantage of the firm. Drawing upon Nokia (2009a), performance of individuals working within Nokia is undertaken from a range of dimensions, but three of them are considered very important, which include: (a) overall customer satisfaction added by the individual; (b) respect for others within the team; and (c) achievements of individuals and their continuous learning. The literature has highlighted that there has been number of issues within management of performance of individuals and their appraisals within companies. Drawing upon Rutter (2002), within Nokia managers and employees have been given high degree of independence in developing the dimensions into quantifiable goals, aims and objectives, which can therefore be related to the overall performance of their team, department and the organisation. This has been because of the initiative of the company to keep entrepreneurism alive within the firm, where the focus is on getting things done rather than follow prescriptive steps and procedures. According to Lynn (2002), these characteristics of performance appraisal have been achieved through a range of in-house programs, which include: listening to you, investing in you and pay-for-performance. The aim of these programs can be seen to be aligned with the overall business strategy of achieving high degree of efficiency and effectiveness of the business, which would therefore help create value for the stakeholders. Erik Jonathan (1995) have argued that all these programs are a means to an end i.e. to develop an integrated system of performance goals setting, development of strategies to achieve these goals, and quantification of the overall performance. It should be noted that in order for the seamless flow of performance management between these different programs, the culture of the company plays an important role. This is the reason that the company has developed a team orientated internally competitive culture, which deters negative implications of the competition, howe ver highlighting the positive aspects of it to achieve strategic goals and values. The performance management of the firm also has been expanded into other reigns of HRM, which can be highlighted from the diversity management within the firm. Drawing upon Briscoe Schuler (2004), it can be argued that the business environment of the company highlights that there is high number of diversity within the demands of the customers across the national markets. In order to fulfil these demands, the company should mimic the business environment in its internal business environment, making its resources and competencies aligned with it. This according to Nokia (2009d) can be achieved through the diversity management and planning of the firm that require performance appraisals to include features and quantification of diversity of thinking. There are number of characteristics that have been highlighted within the literature surrounding performance management in terms of diversity inclusion and management. However, Rutter (2002) has highlighted that it should be achieved at pr oduct, functional and cultural level, therefore providing the direction for companies to use and include in their performance management. The performance appraisals also have to include the achievement of individuals within corporate social responsibility (CSR) area, which has become one of the key criteria for performance at corporate level. Drawing upon Nokia (2009a), in 2009 the company has highlighted that reducing its carbon footprint and making employees to volunteer for educational sectors in developing countries would be included into the performance appraisals of the employees. This would help the firm in achieving high degree of strategic alignment with the current demands of firms to be responsible for the extended social and environmental issues within national and international economies, where they operate. It can therefore be argued that performance appraisals within Nokia are used as strategic tools, which can help achieve the extended aims and objectives of the firm. It has been argued that these appraisals has helped the firm in retaining intellectual capital that is aligned with the overall philosophy and Nokia Way, which have been at the heart of developing sustainable competitive advantage. It can be argued that performance appraisals undertaken by the firm are valuable, rare and inimitable competency of the firm, which contribute a lot in achieving the overall aim and objectives of the company. Pay for Performance and Motivation: The review of the commercial literature surrounding performance appraisals has highlighted that at Nokia performance, rewards and motivation management are all interlinked with each other, so that there is an integrated component that can be used to achieve the aim and objectives of the firm. It should be noted that the company uses pay-for-performance as the key tool which logically flows from effective and efficient performance appraisal techniques used by the firm. Harry (1999) has argued that one of the key vulnerability of per-for-performance management systems is that performance needs to be constantly monitored across the business and its functions so that the strategy can work in synch with realities on ground. The reward structure other than pay within Nokia has also been designed in a way that performance appraisals and motivation tendencies of individuals feed into the system to achieve optimal results. The key issue that has been faced by the management at Nokia is to analyse the performance appraisals of employees working in different economic and social conditions, therefore making their external environment an important driver in how the compensation is perceived. This is the reason there has been discussion surrounding the overall standardisation of the pay and reward structure in the company or localise it according to the national and regional economic conditions. Nokia being a truly global company has therefore been faced with this issue more so than any other organisation, which also stems into the overall reward management and bias of individuals in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic reward structures. Nokia has therefore taken performance appraisals very seriously, where there are segments within these appraisals, which have been linked with the overall pay and reward structure of the company. It is highlighted that company has included both hard and soft aspects of compensations and rewards in the light of the appraisals (Pfeffer Langton, 1993). Therefore, it can be argued that the appraisals are not only responsible for the development of overall pay of the individual, but also the type and mix of motivational tools that are applied to their particular performance regimes and trends over the months. The performance appraisal process adopted by Nokia has been seen very open, broad focused, yet inclusive of employees and their respective teams. The compensation of individuals within Nokia comprises on the results of these appraisals in the form of pay, bonuses, incentives, company stock options and other benefits. The company uses investing in people (IIP) as an annual meeting between managers and employees, where discussion surrounding their focused function along with broad company goals are discussed, which are then quantified into the key dimensions that are set out in the light of changing business objectives of the firm. It should be noted that Tahvanainen (1998) has conducted an empirical research on the link between performance appraisals and pay structures at Nokia. The research has highlighted that pay structure within Nokia is considered highly competitive in regards with the other competitors, which is based on 360 degree feedback called listening to you, which is an i nformal discussion between different teams, which leads to making them discuss their objectives and negotiate their access to resources and information, which can help them all in achieving their own respective goals and performance objectives. The company has also rolled out the electronic version of IIP, which uses companys intranet to discuss and appraise the performance of virtual teams that uses competencies of individuals across the globe to achieve high degree of efficiency and effectiveness in achieving the overall goals of the firm. Key Recommendations: The critical review of academic and commercial literature surrounding Nokias performance appraisals has been highlighted as a successful model within this report. The critics however argue that in recent developments the company has lost its leadership position within mobile handset sector, which has led to its shifting focus towards other sectors. The strategic development and deployment has both been suggested within the report as key performance indicators of the firm, which has been seen as resulting from open, clear and inclusive performance management and appraisal techniques. In order to further improvise the performance management and its appraisals, the researcher has discussed recommendations in the following discussion. There have been critics that have argued that although Nokia has strategically aligned its performance management with the aims and objectives of the organisation, however there are still key gaps with its alignment with the business environment, which require attention. It can be argued that although pay-for-performance have its motivating capabilities for the high performers, however for the average performing, which are the majority within any organisation, this can act as a demotivating factor. It can be suggested that Nokia, like any other company would have normal distribution of performance among its employees, suggesting that not more than 15% of the total employee population would be in the high or underperforming categories, while the rest of 85% of workforce would fall into the average performance. This, according to Pfeffer Langton (1993) has led to the vulnerability within the organisation to alienate these 85% of the workforce, which would add value into the products a nd services of the company. The performance appraisals should therefore be realistic and standardised across the organisation, where like-for-like comparisons are undertaken, which are abridged between functions to achieve high degree of effectiveness and efficiency. It can be suggested that the open criteria used within the firm, which boils down to the discussion between managers and employees suggest that each appraisal cannot be compared with the other appraisals, therefore making it hard to compare on like-to-like grounds, which can lead to distortion of performance results. It can also be argued that commercial segment of the company has been one of the high performing section across the firm, which can be due to the fact that sales, revenue and profit margins are quantifiable variables, while performance of employees in support functions is much harder to access through tangible performance indicators, which is also true about these functions. This, according to Storey (1992) can add insecurity among the intellectual capital of the firm regarding their job, pay and other benefits received from the firm. It can therefore be highlighted that the company has to provide the security of pay and then add bonus-per-performance on top of that to m ake it more plausible in contemporary uncertain times, with job losses and market failures. The internal competition between teams can lead to deterring forces that would affect the overall performance of the company, as team members would engage themselves in negative activities to undercut access to information and resources for other teams, making the organisation lack efficiency and effectiveness. Conclusive Remarks: In the light of the critical review of literature and practice of Nokia in the field of performance appraisals, it can be argued that this HRM strategy of the firm has become a source of competitive advantage for the firm. It has been found out that pay-for-performance has only been applicable within Nokia due to the effectiveness and efficiency of the performance appraisal systems, which are seen just, clear and inclusive by employees. The fact that the system is inclusive, the report suggests that it acts as an implicit form of motivation for employees to have a competitive internal business environment, where teams compete to achieve high degree of overall performance for the company. It can be argued that performance appraisal strategy of the firm is in line with its broad focused differentiation based corporate strategy, therefore leading to achieve the strategic goals and objectives.

foolear The Wise Fool in Shakespeares King Lear Essay -- King Lear e

The Wise Fool in King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚   Whether or not the role of the Fool is an important one within King Lear is arguable. Although he seems to have great insight into much of the plays main events, he seems not to have any real influence on both the plot as well as the outcome of the play. He remains the sole character who does not have any direct link with the events of the plot, coupled with an unusually early exit; this raises the question of his significance. However at the very least he does certainly serve as entertainment not only for Lear but the audience as well, with his honesty, wittiness, and clever speeches that not only adds to the light humour but also to show us that the Fool could indeed be perceived as being one of the wisest characters in the play.    The main roles of the Fool seem to be as Lear's conscience, as a comedian to provide light relief from the tragic play as well as a means of communicating his themes such as the idea of foolishness, self-knowledge. In addition, he is the only person with the ability to speak to Lear in the manner he does. He also serves as a reminder for Lear for his actions within the play, in particular his stupidity and mistakes.    The Fool appears in the middle of Act I Scene 4 of the play and immediately we can clearly see his integrity when talking to others. He tells Lear "thou must needs wear my coxcomb" which suggests the king to be the Fool rather then himself and that Lear was foolish to divide his kingdom as he has done. Kent before him had criticized Lear for his decision causing him to be banished from the kingdom, however the Fool receives no such punishment showing us that he can get away with actions that are far more courage... ...easons as to why he actually leaves remaining unseen again in the play. At this point in the play, Lear finally goes mad; therefore, this suggests that the Fool unneeded, as Lear no longer has the ability of reasoning. This also suggests that the Fool is indeed a metaphor for Lear's conscience. Additionally, this is also the point where Lear begins to finally learn that he has made some terrible mistakes. This could be suggesting that the more foolish we become, the wiser we are because as Lear finally loses his mind, he finally gains insight into his mistakes.    Works Consulted:    Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Ed. R.A. Foakes. Surrey: International Thomson Publishing Company, 1997.    Willeford, William. The Fool and His Scepter: A Study in Clowns and Jesters and Their Audience. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1969.   

Level 3 Diploma in Health and Social Care, Children and Young People Unit 11 Essay

Poverty can have a huge impact on a Young Persons life. A family living on a low –income or benefits might not be able to provide for their children as they would like or as is necessary. Accommodation may be poor and inadequate, with not enough space or functioning essential home items. Money may not be available to pay the energy bills. The children’s dietary needs may be affected by low income. The local community in low-income areas may be impoverished. This may lead to a higher crime rate, vandalism of local amenities, reducing the Young Person access to local parks and playgrounds and affecting them being able to play outside of the house at leisure time. The prospects of a lack of continued higher education after school and fulfilling employment in impoverished areas could affect the Young Persons outlook on life causing fear and insecurities and a lack of motivation. In some research carried out by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation in 2007 into the impact of poverty on young children’s experience of school, the key points found from interviewing 220 children aged Four to Eleven as well as parents and teachers were The level of disadvantage they face determines how most children experience school. Poorer children in the study accepted that they were not going to get the same quality of schooling, or the same outcomes, as better-off children. Children and parents identified the main costs of school as uniform (including shoes), lunches and school trips. Children in disadvantaged schools were very aware of all the costs and of the difficulties parents faced in finding as little as 50 pence or a pound for school events. The experiences of school for children from poorer families were narrower and less rich. For example, children in disadvantaged schools had limited access to music, art and out-of-school activities that children in advantaged schools generally took for granted. Boys as young as nine in disadvantaged schools were disenchanted with school and starting to disengage. They are being particularly failed by the education system due to the interaction of: educational disadvantage faced by children growing up in poverty; the difficulties faced by teachers in disadvantaged schools; and differences in the ways that boys and girls are socialised. Social Issues – Divorce introduces a massive change into the life of a child no matter what the age. Witnessing the loss of love between parents, having parents break their marriage commitment, adjusting to going back and forth between two different households, and the daily absence of one parent while living with the other, all create a challenging new family circumstance in which to live. In the personal history of the boy or girl, parental divorce is a life-changing event. Life that follows is significantly changed from how it was before. For the young child, divorce affects the trust of the parents who can now behave in an extremely undependable way due to their own problems and life changing circumstances. This can produce anxiety, aggression and rebellious behaviours in a child. Cultural – I have chosen to look at one aspect of Culture and that is Religion and it’s positive effects on young people. Religious practice is usually done in a  group context and thus involves social relationships. These relationships can provide friendship and social support in times of emotional needs. Religious participation can have beneficial psychological effects. Religion can improve psychological health through increased self-esteem, producing a sense of belonging to the immediate religious group and an interconnection with the world, which is so lacking in modern times, and can help a young person to find meaning in life. Family participation is typical in religious activities, as distinct from other groups that family members may individually participate in (e.g., sports clubs, after school clubs, book clubs) that tend to separate people by age, sex, and personal interest. Thus, if the whole family practices the same religion, religious activities can serve to strengthen ties among family members. 3. 2.3 The choices young people make can have immediate and long-term effects on their lives. As adults and support staff we have to ensure we empower young people to make the right decisions. Children and young people can be seen as experts in their own lives; they often know what it feels like to be in their situation and to have had their personal experiences. Children and young people know something different to adults. It has ben said that adults follow paths, children explore. Treating children and young people as experts in their own lives means showing respect for what they say or communicate. This is not to say that children and young people always know what is in their best interests and they often want adults to help them make important decisions. Sometimes it is the role of adults (parents, family and professionals) to set boundaries and to identify the best course of action. Yet this needs to be done with children and young people who may know best how they feel. Some of the choices young people face making are – academic, career pathway and lifestyle choices i.e. smoking, drinking and drug taking. Children and young people with disabilities may need parents and support staff to make decisions for them if they are unable to due to their conditions. This always needs to be done in the best interests of the child and within international and local law and guidelines. Learning outcome 2 – Understand how practitioners can make a positive difference in the outcomes for children and young people 1. 2. Every child is an individual with individual needs and their own potential that they should be encouraged to develop. As support staff we should try to get to know the young people we are caring for as best as is possible to be able to achieve this. Sometimes the positive outcomes for a young person are seemingly small, but because of varying disabilities these small steps can be massive. One of the young people I am supporting has many issues with diet. I recently through much hard work encouraged him to try a new food. This addition to his diet is the first new foodstuff he has eaten in Three years. We should be constantly striving to help our young people to be all they can be through the person centered approach to caring. With the help of the multi-disciplinary team working holistically each young person can actuate to the best of their abilities. Each young person has their own care plan, which is constantly updated through the feed back from all staff supporting that YP. These care plans are in place so each member of staff is aware of the specific needs of the individual. The person centered approach to care means we are supporting and treating the individual and not the disability.

Literature Review of Waste Management of Masonry Materials

Traditionally burned bricks constitute the basic masonry unit for the building of houses and it is good known that fabrication requires important measures of energy to bring forth burned bricks while using the surface soil. Following are few research documents in field of waste direction sing the facet of granite processing, fly ash bricks and environmental issues. Mamta. B. Rajgor & A ; Jayeshkumar Pitroda[ 1 ] : States that granite rock processing industry produces solid waste in extended amount in legion scopes where its predominant, which is expected to increase as field of building industry raises, Due to the overall production of granite industry has been increasing fleetly in modern times. It is a non-biodegradable waste which can be easy inhaled by worlds and animate beings and is besides harmful to the environment. It is predicted that about 175 million metric tons of granite dust are produced every twelvemonth and about 250-400 million metric tons of granite dust on site, which are significantly immense sum of waste generated. Rania A. Hamza, et.al, [ 2 ] :The aim of this paper is to use marble and granite waste of different sizes in the fabrication of concrete blocks, with full replacing of conventional coarse and all right sums with marble waste scrapings and slurry pulverization of content up to 40 % . The produced bricks are tested for physical and mechanical belongingss harmonizing to the demands of the American Standards for Testing Materials ( ASTM ) and the Egyptian Code. The trial consequences showed that the recycled merchandises have physical and mechanical belongingss that qualify them for usage in the building sector, where all cement brick samples tested in this survey comply with the Egyptian codification demand for structural bricks, with granite slurry has a positive consequence on cement brick samples that reach its optimum at 10 % slurry incorporation. Zhang Ji-Ru and Cao Xing [ 3 ] :Undertook an experimental plan to analyze the person and admixed effects of calcium hydroxide and wing ash on the Geotechnical features of expansive dirt. States that, â€Å"its fictile bound additions by blending calcium hydroxide, the liquid bound, and malleability lessenings by blending fly ash. Based on these consequences they concluded that the expansive dirt can be successfully stabilized with calcium hydroxide and wing ash. V. Karthikeyan and M. Ponni, [ 4 ] :Studied the use of fly ash in bricks. The fly ash can be fruitfully utilized for fabrication of bricks by integrating fly-ash, sand, calcium hydroxide and gypsum. The utile proportion found was 25: 4: 70: 1. Tabin Rushad.S, et.al, [ 5 ] :The purpose of the survey is to look into the strength and H2O soaking up feature of fly ash bricks made of calcium hydroxide ( L ) , local dirt ( S ) and fly ash ( FA ) . The trial were experimented both on manus moulded and force per unit area moulded fly ash bricks. It was noted that none of the L-S-FA bricks satisfy all the demands of standard codifications. While some bricks satisfy the commissariats with regard to strength, merely the L-FA ( 40: 60 ) bricks satisfy the demand of Indian Standard Code in regard of strength every bit good as H2O soaking up features. Veena G. Pathan, et.al, [ 6 ] :Sustainability in Concrete Production can be obtained by experimenting in permutations of stuffs used. Use of marble waste pulverization is non really usual idea, and at that place has been merely few research works done on the marble waste. Marble waste is a solid waste stuff generated from the marble processing and can be used either as a filler stuff for cement or all right sums while fixing concrete. It has been utilised as a replacing for all right sums in many literature plants, but this paper reports the feasibleness of the permutation of marble waste for cement to accomplish economic system and protecting environment. The experimental consequence provinces split tensile and compressive strength of concrete can be increased with add-on of waste marble pulverization up to 10 % replace by weight of cement. Earlier research besides indicates that the effects of intermixing marble waste on the belongingss of cement such as consistence, puting clip an d soundness is within the acceptable scope of different criterions. The production of more lasting and cheaper concrete utilizing this waste can work out the ecological and environmental jobs to some extent. F. J. Aukour, [ 7 ] :Suggests, Block fabrication mixtures incorporating the Marble Sludge Powder ( MSP ) have significantly higher compaction strength and low H2O soaking up, the block mixtures incorporating MSP are recommended for building in all its signifiers, in that the best mark market or absorbing and devouring such merchandises is the building field sector. MSP incorporation has positive effects on malleability, shrinking and denseness during all phases of the production procedure, presuming some alterations in the industrial production sector. Elham Khalilzadeh Shirazi, [ 8 ] :States that, In recent old ages big sum of rock waste has been generated in natural and unreal rock industry which has important environmental impacts. To decide these jobs, rock waste in different signifiers could be used in different industrial activities procedure in peculiar building industry and other activities such as glass, gum elastic, pharmacies, paper, ceramics industry, pigments, plastics polymers, fabrics or in articles such as soaps or tapers. Further, it can be used as agribusiness dirt restorative, acerb H2O intervention and dumpsite waterproofing. This paper reveals an overview of current solutions of cut downing environmental and economic disadvantages of this sort of byproduct. Nutan C. Patel, [ 9 ] :The chief aim of this paper is to analyze the production procedure of marble during the production procedure and how much waste is generated during the production procedure such as extraction, boring, transporting, cutting, smoothing & A ; completing. Marble waste is by and large a high polluting waste due to both its high alkalic nature and its processing techniques, which inflicts wellness menace to the environing environment. The preies and processing workss are littered with big sum of waste merchandises from extraction, sawing and smoothing activites. At present, no important attempts are in topographic point to retrieve and recycle the ultrafine CaCO3dust combined in waste slurries of marble processing workss. It can be helpful for sing these chalky atoms as primary or secondary natural stuffs for usage in other production facets, sooner for building intent. Ashish Kumar Parashar, et.al, [ 10 ]:The chief purpose of this paper was to compare the compressive strength of the different bricks, so for this purpose assorted per centum of stuffs were added individually 4 % , 8 % , 12 % & A ; 16 % by weight and so the compressive strength of the bricks was worked out, and so with the aid of graph plotted comparing between compressive strength of bricks are made out of rice chaff, wood ash, clay, wing ash & A ; cement was determined. Before fabricating the bricks, different belongingss of the stuffs ( clay, wood ash, rice chaff, cement & A ; Fly ash ) like screen analysis and specific gravitation were besides checked. After that bricks were made & amp ; sun dried and some bricks were oven dried & A ; so with the aid of Compression Testing Machine ( C.T.M. ) their compressive strength were evaluated. From this trial of this undertaking work it was concluded that the wood ash was that waste stuff, which gave the highest compressive strength. The ef fects of the add-on of rice chaff ( for firing out ) and wood ash alloies by a present – clay mix were besides investigated. The alloy was added in assorted combinations and proportions by weight ( from 4 to 16 % ) . The wood ash alloy, in line with its pozzolanic nature was able to lend in accomplishing denser merchandises with higher compressive strengths, high softening coefficients, low H2O soaking up rates and low impregnation. Niranjan P S Radhakrishna, [ 11 ] :This paper addresses the engineering of Making FaL-G howitzer compressed hollow blocks with low-calcium ( Class F ) dry fly ash as premier stuff. The FaL-G masonry hollow blocks were prepared without utilizing traditional cement. Sand and prey dust were used as all right sum stuffs. The different parametric quantities FaL-G masonry hollow blocks were determined. Experimental consequences province that the FaL-G hollow blocks are suited to be used for the building of masonry constructions. It was found that dry denseness was in the scope of 1.465 to1.654 g/cc, IRA was 3.92 to 4.4 kg/m2/min and H2O soaking up of FaL-G compressed blocks was less than 17.56 % . FaL-G hollow blocks attained considerable strength around 4MPa at the age of 28 yearss to utilize them as masonry units with equal modulus of snap. .Menezes. et.acubic decimeter, [ 12 ] :The waste stuffs, in the signifier of granite sawing wastes, lead to fouling the environment. Studied the word picture of ceramic bricks and tiles, wherein granite sawing wastes from the procedure industries in Paraiba State, Brazil had been used as an option to the ceramic natural stuffs. Surveies have been conducted on denseness, atom size distribution, surface country ( BET ) , chemical composing, thermic analysis ( DTA and TGA ) , phase analysis ( XRD ) , and microstructural analysis ( SEM ) of the above mentioned waste to find its suitableness of usage. It has been reported that the physical and mineralogical features of granite wastes were similar to the conventional ceramic natural stuffs. The work, reportedly produced bricks and tiles which comprised of waste stuffs and ceramic natural stuffs. It was concluded that the technological features of the Brazilian criterions were met by the ceramic organic structures. S.K. Malhotra et.al [ 13 ] : Probes were carried out by]into the development of bricks from granulated blast furnace scoria, which is a byproduct from Fe and steel industry. In their survey it has been suggested that by pressing slag-lime mixture and sand mix at a force per unit area of 50 kg/cm2and after 28 yearss of humid hardening at ambient temperature, good quality bricks can be produced. The compressive strength of the bricks has been reported to be in the scope of 8 – 15 MPa. It was concluded that the production of scoria based bricks consumes less energy compared to conventional burned clay bricks or Ca silicate bricks. Torres et.al [ 14 ] :Concerns with the usage of granite wastes obtained in the signifier of sludge from granite cutting industry. On incorporation and subsequent word picture of granite wastes into the batch preparations of porcelain tiles it has been observed that extruded bars or pellets with H2O soaking up of 0.07 % and bending strength greater than 50 MPa can be produced. The maximal possible permutation of sludge for felspar has besides been investigated. The experimental study shows, with suited granite sludge incorporation porcelain tiles with superior belongingss can be produced. It was reported that incorporation of sludge had negligible consequence on malleability, shrinking and denseness during all phases of the tile production procedure, presuming no alterations in the industrial production line. 2.2 Brief Summary of Literature Review By all the above diaries which are surveyed, the construct of waste direction is taken as premier issues and has been considered to carry through the present undertaking work. The diaries discussed predict that the reusing & A ; recycling for cut downing the disposal jobs as a major solution for waste direction. Hence, if fly ash can used for bring forthing fly ash bricks, the same construct can be adapted for minimising the disposal jobs for granite sludge waste which is generated as 30 % of granite rock processing. So hence in our undertaking analysis Granite sludge waste, sand, gypsum & A ; lime are used to make a new masonry block known as Granite sludge masonry blocks. Different proportions are used in fabrication of fly ash bricks, by utilizing Fly ash, sand, limestone & A ; gypsum sometimes. Percentage of H2O used is besides varied by different research workers, so per centum of H2O taken in our undertaking analysis is 4 % of entire mass as used by CBRI in their analysis for b ring forthing fly ash bricks. The CBRI ( the Central edifice research institute ) Roorkee has used Fly Ash 40 – 50 % Sand 50 – 40 % , Lime 10 % & A ; 4 % H2O by sing entire mass for fixing fly as bricks. Hence Forth in our undertaking analysis we will be utilizing granite sludge waste pulverization 20 – 70 % , sand 70 – 20 % , lime 8 % , gypsum 2 % & A ; 4 % H2O by sing entire mass for fixing granite sludge blocks. Various physical & A ; mechanical belongingss will be tested for above mix proportions for granite sludge blocks in our undertaking survey. Problem Context Granite rocks have huge application in the field of building due to their nature of beginning. Some of it applications are for size rock masonry, granite flooring slabs, as harsh sum in concrete and etc. During the procedure of fabricating granite flooring slabs which are used for shocking intent in commercial and residential edifices, approximately 30 % waste is generated in assorted processing activities This granite sludge waste generated has negative impact to Mother Nature. Hence reuse of this stuff demand to be considered to minimise the disposal jobs of granite sludge. 3.2 Problem Definition In this experimental survey, strength and other required parametric quantities are evaluated by fixing Granit sludge masonry blocks utilizing granite sludge pulverization, sand, calcium hydroxide and gypsum in changing mix proportions, by maintaining in position fly ash bricks as chief mention. Granite sludge pulverization is collected from local granite rock processing unit and other stuffs are purchased from local market. The trials are conducted in order to analyze the strength features such as compressive strength and flexural strength. Besides lastingness belongingss such as H2O soaking up and flower are to be studied. The consequences obtained will be transverse cheeked with IS code specifications Our Earth’s top most layer crust constitutes about 70 % of granite, which is formed by pyrogenic stone type. Igneous stones are formed by chilling of magma on the surface or crust bed of the Earth. Granite stone is by and large liquefied crystalline mineral construction which is easy seeable to our bare oculus. Granite rock has oppressing strength of more than 100 N/mm2; due to this belongings its application is huge in field of building. Its primary use is for size rock masonry and as flooring slabs, and besides beyond which secondary merchandises like coarse sum and M-sand ( all right sums ) are besides immensely used in many applications such as in concrete, railroad ballast and etc. In our present survey we have concentrated on granite sludge pulverization which consequences in treating activities of granite rock for shocking slabs such as cutting, smoothing & A ; completing procedure. This contributes of approximately 30 % wastage in these procedures, which is non-biodegradable waste. From above tabular array it clearly shows that prevailing mineral in granite stone is silica in signifier of Si di oxide, which plays of import function in strength addition in concrete. And besides the major cause for making Silicosis disease. 4.1.2. Fine sum Sand is of course happening farinaceous stuff composed of finely divided stone & A ; minerals fragments. The content of sand is extremely variable, depending on the local stone beginnings & A ; conditions, but the most common component is silica ( silicon di oxide, or SiO2) normally in the signifier of vitreous silica. Locally available natural river sand go throughing through 4.75mm & A ; retained on 150 micrometer IS screen was used as all right sum in our survey for fixing granite sludge blocks, which will be used as filler stuff in changing mix publicities in our survey. Basic belongingss like specific gravitation trial & A ; fineness modulus by sieve analysis trial was performed for natural river sand used in our survey Calcium hydroxide Lime as adhering stuff has been made usage since antediluvian times in our state. But at present, the cement revolutionist has replaced use of calcium hydroxide to great extent. And on other manus, bookmans say that the industry of cement leads to Global heating. Hence, in this present survey locally available calcium hydroxide of class-c ( hydrous calcium hydroxide ) IS 712:1984 specifications are collected & A ; used as a binding agent apart from cement. In our present survey to run out the H2O nowadays in hydrous calcium hydroxide, we have adopted sand drain method. Where a bed of sand is laid on the land surface over which the hydrous calcium hydroxide is spread over the sand bed and left overnight. After which the H2O in hydrated calcium hydroxide will be drained out and thick fat calcium hydroxide will be available for its use. Categorization of edifice calcium hydroxideClass A – hydraulic calcium hydroxide for structural intents.Class B – semi-hydraulic calcium hydroxide for lime concrete, plaster underseal & A ; masonry howitzer.Class C – fat calcium hydroxide for composite howitzer and for completing coat in daubing.Class D – for completing coat in white lavation and daubing, dwelling of Mg or dolomite calcium hydroxide.Class E – kankar calcium hydroxide.Class F – silicious dolomitic calcium hydroxide for underseal and completing coat of plaster.4.1.4. Gypsum Gypsum is a of course happening mineral of sedimentary stone class which constitute of hydrous sulfate of Ca. Property of gypsum is such it has really hapless solubility in H2O, which sets and hardens rapidly. Its initial scene clip is about 4 – 6 proceedingss and concluding scene is about 30 proceedingss. Gypsum of high pureness is by and large used as fertiliser in our state, such as ammonium sulfate fertiliser and low pureness in fabrication of ordinary Portland cement to move as a retarder, commanding puting clip of cement. Here low pureness gypsum is used as retarding agent in the mix proportions of granite sludge blocks. Categorization of mineral gypsum based on purenessType-1: Plaster for surgical industry.Type-2: As ammonium sulfate for fertiliser industry.Type-3: For clayware industry ( chinaware ) .Type-4: As retarding agent for cement industry.

Cool Hand Luke essays

Cool Hand Luke essays There are some times in a person's life when they must stop following the rules and start challenging authority. In the film Cool Hand Luke, LUke challenges the Captain by continuously running away for the chain gang. In my case I challenged authority by disobeying my mother in every way possible. In September of last year I decided I didn't want to live by the rules my mother forced upon me. I would never come home when she told me to, I never went to school when she told me to, and I pretty much ignored the fact that I had to obey her. My mother and I had " a failure to communicate". She wanted one thing and I wanted something else. Finally, my mother got sick of the stress that I brought her, so she sent me away to live with my brother. This is my punishment for disobeying her the way that I did. I have been living here for four months, and I think I have learned my lesson. Things are better now between me and my mother and she is letting me move back home after I graduate. In my case I lucked out, I am getting a second chance but in Luke's case he wasn't so lucky. He ran away again and got shot and killed by the Captain. I guess some times it isn't so great to challenge authority. ...

Discipline on Children essays

Discipline on Children essays Being parents is one of the most difficult tasks. Children are not born with a 'handbook'. Thus, deciding the appropiate way to raise a child is complicated. In addition, one of the most delicate aspects of raising children is discipline. It can be very hard for parents to decide what to do when the children need to be punished. Parents might get frustrated with their children's behaivour and may consider corporal punishment. However, parents should not use corporal punishment to discipline their children. Children get hurt when parents use corporal punishment. Physical agression is an agression, even if it is as 'meaningless' as spanking. Sometime parents might not control their strenght and really hurt their children. Children are weaker than adults. Hence, children are easier to get seriously hurt. Also, sometimes parents punish their children in more violent ways than spanking. For instance, some parents might hit their children with a belt or In addition, corporal punishment causes emotional and mental problems in children. The mere act of spanking children could mark them for the rest of their lifes. If children are punished physically they might feel rejected by their parents. In the same way, these children could suffer from depression or develop hatred toward their parents. Similarly, the parents experience emotional and mental problems. For instance, after punishing their children the parents might feel that they were very severe or cruel. Also, parents might feel guilty about hurting their children. Furthermore, children who were corporally punished are more likely to, in the future, commit the same acts whit their own children. Instead considering corporal punishment, parents should think about other ways to discipline their children. By this I don't mean calling the children demeaning names or insulting them, this could result in a way more harmuful kind of punishment. What parents should do is talk to t ...

Will I do better on the SAT or the ACT

Will I do better on the SAT or the ACT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Many students wonder whether they'll do better on the ACT or SAT after all it's important to put the best foot forward. Here we show you how to figure out which one you're better on. See the following questions and answers to figure out what will probably work better for you. 1. How do I know if I should take the ACT vs SAT? This depends entirely on the colleges where you want to apply and your specific abilities. Almost all 4-year schools require either (and accept both) the SAT or ACT, so it’s important to know which test can reflect your abilities most fully. Some colleges require no standardized test scores, but it’s best to apply to at least 3 schools (and, for many students, even more than that). Therefore, it’s unlikely that all the schools you want to apply to will be â€Å"test optional,† so deciding which test to take is pretty important. 2. Which students think the SAT is easier than the ACT? The SAT is better if you’re a â€Å"good test taker†if you’re good at figuring out what information tests are looking for, if big tests don’t make you very nervous, or if you don’t get overwhelmed easily by unfamiliar information. The SAT is better if you’re near a top score, because it’s easier to â€Å"ace†to get a 99th percentile or perfect score onthan the ACT. There are many reasons for this, but if you think you’re going to be scoring high, your chances of scoring in the highest percentiles are better on the SAT. The SAT is better if you’re good at solving puzzles or â€Å"thinking on the fly†taking unfamiliar information and manipulating it quickly or combining it with knowledge you already have. 3. Which students think the ACT is easier than the SAT? The ACT is better if you’re better in classes than on tests, if you are good at learning all the material in the textbook, or if you prefer lots of structure in your education. The ACT is better if you study school subjects more: aside from the ACT resembling a high school test more than the SAT does, it also tests a broader range of knowledge than the SAT doestaking AP Chemistry, for example, won’t help you on the SAT. But it could help significantly on the ACT. The ACT is better if you’re scoring in the lower percentiles because the average ACT question is a bit easier than the average SAT question, so that middle range is more attainable on the ACT. This does not mean, however, that the SAT is a harder testwe’ll discuss that next. 4. Is the ACT or SAT harder or easier overall? The short answer is that neither is harder; they’re hard in different ways. The most basic way the difficulties of the 2 tests differ is that, while the average ACT question is easier than the average SAT question, the hardest ACT question is harder than the hardest one on the SAT. 5. How can I find out for sure which is better for me? The best way is to actually try it out! Here are the exact steps: 1. Take a full practice SAT and a practice ACT. 2. Then use the offical ACT to SAT score conversion tableto convert your ACT score to its SAT equivalent (the table uses a 1600 scale that includes reading and math only). 3. If your score difference is more than 100 points in either direction, then you have a clear winner. For example, say you got a 30 on the ACT and a 1200 (out of 1600) on the SAT. You use the table and see a 30 on the ACT converts to a 1340. This is 140 points higher than your SAT. Clearly you should take the ACT, no questions asked! 4. If your score difference is less than 100 pointsthen you don't have a natural disadvantage in either one. The point difference is likely due to random chance, and both work equally well. What’s next? Comparethe current SAT to the version coming in 2016. Read about the technical differences between the SAT and ACT.

I will upload the instruction Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I will upload the instruction - Coursework Example Our mentorship program led us to do some socially responsible work with the program focusing primarily on hand hygiene. Mentorship programs serve several purposes. Some mentorship programs are designed to develop new skills and nurture existing skill prowess. Additionally, mentorship programs play a variety of roles in introducing new nurses to the field. Mentorship programs can also be designed to build the confidence levels of mentees as well as offering the much needed guidance and direction to novice nurses. The mentor is usually the expert and his or her primary role is to give the nurses a new and exciting outlook on their career. Mentorship programs have been recurrently seen as definers of a mentees success in the field. Mentorship programs, for instance, focuses on several goals. The major goal of mentorship is to achieve the expected goals or anticipation from the mentorship program. For instance, if a mentorship program seeks to build on registered nurses confidence levels, the primary goal or objective for such a program would be more confident mentees. Other goals of mentorship include teaching, skill improvement, firsthand experience and establishing various role models for the nurses (Grossman, 2013). As such, mentorship also centers on creating solid foundations for the nurses, creating a better opportunity for them to derive satisfaction from their careers. The main objective of our mentorship project was to contribute to the society by helping them reduce cases and incidences of contracting ailments. The mentorship program was designed to enable mentees to mentor other children as well. This is part of the social responsibility of the hospital, proactive measures towards health restoration. The program was designed to reinforce the need for washing hands recurrently to avoid germs and bacteria that cause diseases. The project gave all nurses a chance to interact with the children and mentor them into achieving good health.

Can the United States Continue to Run Current Account Deficits Essay

Can the United States Continue to Run Current Account Deficits Indefinitely - Essay Example ates like China and Japan have afforded the United States with inflows that have made it possible for the United States to increase its current account deficit. However, analysts are of the opinion that the rising level of United States current account deficit may become unsustainable and risky thus make the large foreign investors consider shifting their investments in the United States loan securities away to other nations. It is also likely that the consequence of the persistent United States foreign debt may be making it a politically weak nation and reliant to large investors like China. According to Carbaugh (2011), the purchase of the United States current account deficit can continue indefinitely because the desire of foreigners for the American loan assets may not stop. The United States has a history of having run current account deficits continuously from 1820 to 1875 (McKinnon, 2001). Its economic growth by then solely remained reliant to foreign debts. Furthermore, the United States saving rate is lower than that of its main trading partners like China and Japan. All these factors make the United States current deficit likely to be persistent indefinitely as long as they remain

Assess the impact of the Iranian revolution on Middle Eastern politics PowerPoint Presentation

Assess the impact of the Iranian revolution on Middle Eastern politics - PowerPoint Presentation Example Thus, Islamic politics resulted in the regional political culture militarizing and creation of the region instability. Hence, activists with either religion or political agendas were fully convinced that they could use Islam as a strategy of winning (Cottam 1980). This implied that Islam could be employed as a means of radicalizing, politicizing, and mobilization of masses for the purposes of confronting Middle East authoritarian states. Consequently, neighbouring countries suffered instability of their political foundations, especially those with Shiite population, which include Iraq, Bahrain, Kuwait and Saudi. Iran revolution contributed to the emergence of bitter rivalries in the region of Israel. As such, Israel had to observe the activities of Iran, which influenced the policies that Israel adopted. Further, Iran was alienated from other countries, such as Saudi Arabia (Shahi 2009). Since the Middle East is a major source of oil, other governments expressed concerns and anxiety. These governments include the Britain and the United States of America among others. Moreover, the revolution had several events, which contributed towards the emergence of conflicts in the region. An example of this is the attack of Iraq by Iran. The Iranians play a significant role in enforcing their power status in the Middle East politics. As such, Iran supports Hezbollah and Syria. This support has had drastic effects in the region. For example, terrorists groups in Israel can be funded by the regime. The creation of Hezbollah in Lebanon resulted in the alteration of the Lebanese politics and the emergence of Israeli ambitions. This made Iran gain strength and influence, which made the West and East to always consider the nation in case of any Middle Eastern issues. Such depicted global geopolitics changes where there was a West-versus-East scenario in all areas with key players in different areas lining on different sides and having Iran within its circles. The

Free Trade during Colonialism vs. Free Trade during Globalization Essay

Free Trade during Colonialism vs. Free Trade during Globalization - Essay Example This paper analyses the major similarities and differences between free trade during colonialism and free trade during globalization. Free trade: Colonialism vs. globalization An unexpected transformation occurred in the aftermath of the economic downturn or depression which began in 1873 in Europe and North America. With barriers to trade rising, production standing still, and new competitors such as Germany and the United States industrializing, the search for new markets and sources of raw materials intensified in the direction of colonial expansion (Saul, n.d.). Colonial powers tried to safeguard their business interests during nineteenth and twentieth centuries rather than thinking too much about the rights of the nations under their control. The concept of free trade was another mechanism for them to exploit the resources of nations under their control. The current free trade which is the concept of globalization promotes neo-colonialism which is sharp in contrast with the prin ciples of free trade implemented by the colonial powers in the past. It should be noted that neo-colonialism is a practice of promoting capitalism, globalization and cultural co-operation between countries. In other words, current free trade has the ability to contribute heavily to the vast sectors of global population whereas the free trade during colonialism was confined within the boundaries of the nations under colonial rule. Current free trade helped â€Å"the globalization of a free market economy, the standardization and homogenization of production and the fixing of world prices in economies which are at unequal stages of economic and technological development† (In Opposition to Free Market Globalization and Neo Colonialism, We Say: No to APEC, 2004) Former Nobel Prize winner and renowned American economist Paul Krugman argued that free trade developed as a result of globalization has brought many opportunities to this world. In his opinion, â€Å"the view that free trade is the best of all possible policies is part of the general case for laissez-faire in a market economy and rests on the proposition that markets are efficient (Krugman, 1987, p.134). On the other hand, trade scenarios during colonialism were entirely different from the current trade scenario. Current market is extremely efficient and heavily competitive compared to the market in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Instead of conflict, co-operation seems to be the principle undertaken by the free trade of modern era. In other words, free trade of globalization is perceived as helpful to all countries irrespective of their socioeconomic conditions. On the other hand, free trade during colonialism suited only to the interests of the colonial powers. Theory of comparative advantage was promoted by free trade of globalization era whereas free trade policies during colonialism were revolved around the interests of the colonial powers. The theory of comparative advantage promotes the view that good of natural environment and industrial abilities of each country should be exported. It also cites that free market is another ideologically based intervention in ways that maintain the economic and political status quo (Gonzalez, 2006, p.65). Free trade evolved out of globalization, helps countries to sell their products in global markets where the

How broadway shows contribute to New York economy Term Paper

How broadway shows contribute to New York economy - Term Paper Example Live musical theatre on Broadway has been a major New York City tourist attraction, since 18th century and it has survived depression, war and major technological changes(Mulder,24). Broadway theatre means a vital New York city industry with box office revenue exceeding millions of dollars in a particular season. During 2000 and 2001, the ticket price of Broadway theatrical shows exceeded the limits and set record prices. The Broadway theatre industry is the single largest tourist attraction in the New York City and nothing could take its place for entertainment. It is evident here that millions of people attend this shows and the collection from these can contribute largely to the economy of the New York City. The main contribution by Broadway to the New York economy directly comes from the expense of the production itself. It has been revealed that the Broadway company’s expense on services, pay roll and running of the shows itself added 1.5 $ Billion to the city’s ec onomy. Moreover the Broadway companies spend millions of dollars on the salaries and other services for the running of the shows. ... Today the population of New York City is more than 8 million, and Broadway entertainment is a key industry which contributes to New York’s economy. It would not be a surprising fact to mention that Broadway theatres are a solace to people in the midst of turmoil and fast life of the city. New Yorkers attend theatre shows and musicals to get away from the stressful life of the city and to indulge in little pleasure. Moreover, the tourist which attends the theatres also spends on hotel stays, dining other activities which add up to the profitability of the city. According to (Healy)â€Å"Preview of the new Broadway revival of â€Å"West Side Story† across New York theaters: drew gross revenues of more than $1 million in each of its first two weeks, this shows that the appetite for plays and musicals is alive and well despite the recession†. Even in recession times the audience and the producers have not given up on theatres which reflect that the contribution to ec onomy is still intact for New York City. It is surprising that no production in Broadway have ceased due to recession or economic downturn. Instead 43 productions got initiated during 2008-2009 seasons even though it was recession times. This was an excellent statistical figure for entertainment sector, especially in the phase of recession. In 2008-2009 seasons, the Broadway industry gave away $9.8 billion to the New York City economy and supported 84,400 jobs. The spending is mainly in three fields: producers spending to run the shows; the theatre owners spending on venue maintenance and renovation; and money spend by non- New York city resident s to attend the Broadway shows. The money that is spending in these areas is circulated with spending on other facilities and finally

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods for Dissertation

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods for providing near real time traffic information - Dissertation Example TOMTOM Company: Traffic Navigation System: Navigation system holds most significance in the present day lives of people allowing them to obtain information on traffic congestion and road safety, targeted towards reducing the negative effects of traffic problems. Navigation systems are owned particularly to obtain high quality information on traffic routes and in destinations that are unfamiliar for the drivers. Navigation systems provide the owners and drivers with suggestions on which route would be safer and suitable for them to reach to a particular destination (SWOV Fact Sheet – Safety effects of navigation systems 2010). TomTom Company provides its customers with a TomTom navigation device that allows them to obtain traffic updates on the screen of the device. Mobile phones of individuals can be connected with these devices. The company can keep a track of where these people are exactly moving and thus provide them with the accurate traffic updates on the location where t hey are present at a particular time. Other quality traffic information sources are used along with the availability of this device thus making the real time traffic information being available more effectively. ... One of the advantages of the navigation tool is that it provides road safety by allowing owners and drivers with suggestions to choose the most suitable route. This reduces the exposure of the users to dangers. With suitable route being suggested, the travel time also gets reduced. Users have to search less for the suitable routes on their own (SWOV Fact Sheet – Safety effects of navigation systems 2010). HD Traffic real-time traffic information is the basis for the navigation tool offered by TomTom. GPS and GSM systems are the fundamental concepts of the system that allows reliable information on traffic to the users of the navigation tool (White Paper – How TomTom’s HD TrafficTM and IQ RoutesTM data provides the very best routing n.d.). However a disadvantage of the tool is that adjustment of the tool needs to be done by the owners and doing this while driving is a risky task. However the overall mental stress and effort of the users reduce with the use of a na vigation tool. Moreover, traffic problems are reported to users at early stage so that they can avoid congestions and problems related to road traffic on their routes. However during certain times, information provided by these tools might be incorrect, particularly if the road maps on the tools are not updated regularly. Wrong information leads to wrong decision making in terms of choosing any particular route. Another major disadvantage of the tool is its dependency on categorization of roads which makes it difficult to determine which questions on the desirability of road categorization considering the safety on the roads (SWOV Fact Sheet – Safety effects of navigation systems 2010). GOOGLE Company: Google Maps, Traffic Sensors, and Crowdsourcing: Google maps, traffic sensors

How broadway shows contribute to New York economy Term Paper

How broadway shows contribute to New York economy - Term Paper Example Live musical theatre on Broadway has been a major New York City tourist attraction, since 18th century and it has survived depression, war and major technological changes(Mulder,24). Broadway theatre means a vital New York city industry with box office revenue exceeding millions of dollars in a particular season. During 2000 and 2001, the ticket price of Broadway theatrical shows exceeded the limits and set record prices. The Broadway theatre industry is the single largest tourist attraction in the New York City and nothing could take its place for entertainment. It is evident here that millions of people attend this shows and the collection from these can contribute largely to the economy of the New York City. The main contribution by Broadway to the New York economy directly comes from the expense of the production itself. It has been revealed that the Broadway company’s expense on services, pay roll and running of the shows itself added 1.5 $ Billion to the city’s ec onomy. Moreover the Broadway companies spend millions of dollars on the salaries and other services for the running of the shows. ... Today the population of New York City is more than 8 million, and Broadway entertainment is a key industry which contributes to New York’s economy. It would not be a surprising fact to mention that Broadway theatres are a solace to people in the midst of turmoil and fast life of the city. New Yorkers attend theatre shows and musicals to get away from the stressful life of the city and to indulge in little pleasure. Moreover, the tourist which attends the theatres also spends on hotel stays, dining other activities which add up to the profitability of the city. According to (Healy)â€Å"Preview of the new Broadway revival of â€Å"West Side Story† across New York theaters: drew gross revenues of more than $1 million in each of its first two weeks, this shows that the appetite for plays and musicals is alive and well despite the recession†. Even in recession times the audience and the producers have not given up on theatres which reflect that the contribution to ec onomy is still intact for New York City. It is surprising that no production in Broadway have ceased due to recession or economic downturn. Instead 43 productions got initiated during 2008-2009 seasons even though it was recession times. This was an excellent statistical figure for entertainment sector, especially in the phase of recession. In 2008-2009 seasons, the Broadway industry gave away $9.8 billion to the New York City economy and supported 84,400 jobs. The spending is mainly in three fields: producers spending to run the shows; the theatre owners spending on venue maintenance and renovation; and money spend by non- New York city resident s to attend the Broadway shows. The money that is spending in these areas is circulated with spending on other facilities and finally

Environmental Experiences Essay Example for Free

Environmental Experiences Essay The capability of a location to enhance environmental experience depends on the landscape and its potential to foster and create subjective interpretations among individuals. These places also are significant to visitors since it promotes education and other indirect effects. Recognizing the need for architecture is important for people to fully understand and feel the landscape experience. The Tree Top Walk at the Valley of Giants in Australia â€Å"is a walkway that rises up to 38m above the forest. † Visitors can be able to create the feeling of environment. Visitors get a different perspective on the shapes, sounds and movement of the forest. The Oregon Paleo Lands Institute will help you discover Oregons past and explore its present landscapes. The place helps educate individuals and visitors of the wonders the place has to offer. Our mission is to help northwest residents and visitors of all ages to explore, understand, and enjoy the world-renowned natural history of north central Oregon, the ancient and living landscapes of Oregon’s last 400 million years, and the full fossil record of earth’s last 50 million years. The Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center in Texas seeks to inform individuals of the diverse native plants in the region. First as the National Wildflower Research Center and later as the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, this special place exists to introduce people to the beauty and diversity of wildflowers and other native plants. This is in response to the threats and the call for preservation of these plants. These places help enhance their experience of understanding landscape by how each one creates the feeling of satisfaction and cultivate the feeling of appreciation that contributes to the landscape experience. It must be a mixture of both understanding and at the same time appreciation of his/her perceptive abilities. However, an individual must not only settle for what is observable. The visitor must create and conceptualize his/her own interpretation of the landscape. This image will bear some relationship to the way in which the individual responds to and structures his world as a result of his physical perceptual capacities, socio-economic, cultural, personality, experiential and other characteristics. The three types of places mentioned give both direct and indirect experiences to the visitor. Looking at it, the area of indirect experiences is classified to be relative. An experience of an individual may vary depending on how each one perceives a landscape and associates it to personal experience. A person feeling can range from curiosity over the landscape to happiness and awe. There are varied reactions among people and this creates different reactions that cultivate experience. On the other hand, there are also direct experiences that the landscape contributes to a visitor. These are (1) education, (2) environmental education and (3) interpretative centers. Education can be considered as one important contributions of landscape experience. It creates awareness that has been stimulated by the actuality of perceiving, analyzing and understanding the landscape. A visitor creates its connection with the landscape by the way it manifests itself to the viewer and in return how the person responds to it given the factors that revolve around the environment and the individual. Thus, this creates the process of education for each visitor. Environmental education can also be seen as an outcome of landscape experience since the three examples that were given are primarily natural or ecological sites. Landscape experiences gives idea to visitors of the current situation of these sites. This experience creates awareness especially during this time that the call for environmental concern has been constantly increasing. Effective and meaningful environmental education is a challenge we must take seriously if we and future generations are to enjoy the benefits of our natural heritage. Thus, landscape experiences creates an avenue for environmental education by showcasing visitors the beauty and wonder of these sites and how each one is responsible for its protection and continued sustenance. The last mentioned is landscape experience creates interpretative centers. Landscape experience gives opportunities for interpretative centers to provide adequate information regarding the site. Also, interpretative centers provide cultivate interests of volunteers and organizations to further promote the site. Architecture plays an important role in landscape experience. People who have background in the topic understand that its facets are diversified. To fully appreciate architecture, students need to deconstruct its meaning from a variety of perspectives: artistic, social, and scientific. Architecture serves as a guide for visitors to engage in their local landscape. The idea is that each individual seeks find meaning and experience in the landscape however this cannot be done without an understanding architecture. Another is that architecture’ diversity and varied perspectives paves the way for an increased landscape experience among visitors. Different meanings and interpretations are derived from these sites that foster deeper learning experiences. There are many variants and factors that determine the landscape experience of an individual. The capability of an individual to associate the landscape with an understanding of architecture and different subjective interests’ can create a meaningful and worthwhile experience. The full appreciation of the environment experience again is achieved if a learning process is obtained by the individual upon exposure to the landscape.

Financial Management Midland Energy Resources Finance Essay

Financial Management Midland Energy Resources Finance Essay In the Midland Energy Resources case study we see that it has its operations divided amongst three separate divisions. All these three divisions have different functions and need a separate discount rate to evaluate its projects. Midland uses its cost of capital for many different ways. In order to discount Midlands cash flows we use the weighted average cost of capital. Here the cost of debt is easier to calculate by taking the bond yield plus risk premium approach. The Capital Asset Pricing Model is used to calculate the cost of equity. In case of CAPM, the calculation of beta requires significant judgment. We use the industry data to calculate the beta. Solution 1 Mortensens estimates are used for the following In case of asset appraisals for capital budgeting and financial accounting In case of MA proposals In case of assessment of performances In case of stock repurchase decisions at different divisions and business unit levels. Solution 2 Calculating rD In this case Mortensen computed the cost of debt for each of the three divisions by adding a premium over the US treasury securities of a similar maturity. In order to find rD, we do not use CAPM but we use the interest rate that we are currently paying on the new loans. Here we see that the consolidated spread to treasury is given as 1.62% Thus, rD = 30 year yields to U.S Treasury bonds + Overall Consolidated Spread to Treasury rD = 4.98% + 1.62% rD = 6.60% Calculating the Tax rate The tax rate is calculated on the basis on the Exhibit 1 as average over the years 2004, 2005 and 2006. Therefore the tax rate come out to be (Midlands Income Taxes / Midlands Income Before Taxes and the Average across 2004, 2005, 2006)= 39% Calculating EMRP Based on the exhibit in this case, we see that the traditional data showed is approximately 6.0% EMRP and the surveys show lower EMRP (2.5% to 4.7%) based on a research over the industry with the help from outsiders who have broader industry knowledge, which would result in a better and up-to-date EMRP. Researches in consultation with its professional advisors, bankers and investors, as well as Wall Street analysts covering the industry agreed on the current estimate of 5.0%. As the analysts on the industry, bankers and investors have broader information from different companies and executives, it can be concluded that the approach of outside consulting and the result of 5.0% estimate is appropriate. Â  Calculating rE Here we use 5.0% as its Equity Market Risk Premium. The corporate ÃŽÂ ² is publicly available, and as it represents corporate level ÃŽÂ ², well use 1.25 as it is for Overall Corporate WACC calculation. rE = rf + ÃŽÂ ²(EMRP) rE = 4.98% + 1.25 (5%) = 11.23% Calculating WACC Given + Calculated information: rE 11.23%, rD 6.60%, tax rate 39%, D/E 59.3%, E= 100units, D =59.3units, V=159.3units, E/V= 0.62774639, D/V=0.37225361 Using the formula we get, WACC =rE(E/V) + rD(D/V) (1-t)= 8.548% Solution 3 The company here, Midland, is a large enterprise and has diverse business units with different risks. In the case here we see that the Equity Beta represents the risk factor of those divisions. (Exhibit 5). We also see here that the risk profiles and different here as per the division and the hurdle rates for those divisions should also be different and calculated based on the ÃŽÂ ² of the division In this case Midland should not use single corporate hurdle rate as this will mislead evaluation of the investments, and will result on Midland invest on risky projects and will become risky a corporate by time But on the other hand if Midland invests on corporate level using the corporate level WACC. Solution 4 Calculating EP rE = rf + ÃŽÂ ²(EMRP) rE = 4.98% + 1.15 (5%) = 10.73% rD = rf + EP Spread to Treasury rD = 4.98% + 1.60% = 6.58% rE =10.73% rD =6.58% tax rate= 39% D/E= 39.8% E=100units D=39.8units V=139.8units E/V =0.715308 D/V= 0.284692 WACC for EP= 8.818% Calculating RM rE = rf + ÃŽÂ ²(EMRP) rE = 4.98% + 1.20 (5%) = 10.98% rD = rf + RM Spread to Treasury rD = 4.98% + 1.80% = 6.78% rE= 10.98% rD= 6.78% Tax rate= 39% D/E= 20.3% E= 100units D= 20.3units V= 120.3units E/V =0.831255 D/V= 0.168745 The value of WACC = 9.825% The business units all these industries of Midland operate on are different and thus they have different risk profiles and ÃŽÂ ²s and also different credit ratings. Also as a result the EP and RM have different WACC values. Solution 5 In order to calculate the cost of capital in case of Petrochemical, we would search for the couple of companies which focus only on Petrochemical industry and then use their fact sheet in order to get an average on their ÃŽÂ ² and D/E ratio. By taking into account the data available to us (exhibit 5) and using the arithmetic averages on D/E ratio and ÃŽÂ ² we can calculate cost of capital for Petrochemical division. Corporate ÃŽÂ ² = Average (EP ÃŽÂ ², RM ÃŽÂ ², Petrochemical ÃŽÂ ²) 1.25 = Average (1.15, 1.20, Petrochemical ÃŽÂ ²) Petrochemical ÃŽÂ ² = 1.40 rE = rf + ÃŽÂ ²(EMRP) rE = 4.98% + 1.40 (5%) = 11.98% rD = rf +Petrochemical Spread to Treasury rD = 4.98% + 1.35% = 6.33% Corporate D/E = Average ( EP D/E, RM D/E, Petrochemical D/E) 59.3% = Average (39.8%, 20.3%, Petrochemical D/E) Petrochemical D/E = 117.8% rE= 11.98% rD= 6.33% Tax rate= 39% D/E= 117.8% E= 100 units D= 117.8 units V= 217.8 units E/V= 0.459137 D/V= 0.540863 The value of WACC = 7.589%

Introduction to Santería :: Santeria

Introduction to Santerà ­a Santerà ­a, sometimes referred to as La Regla Lucunmi, originated in West Africa in what are now Nigeria and Benin. Santerà ­a is, however, not purely a West African religion; it has many ties to European Catholicism. Because of this correlation, there is no exact year for the formation of this religion. The closest date available for the founding of Santerà ­a is between the 1700's to about 1870 – the period of the slave trade. The slave trade brought many people that practiced this particular religion to the shores of Cuba, Haiti, Puerto Rico, Trinidad as well as many other Caribbean countries. Not only were the slaves' bodies brought over. Their souls, culture, and religion were brought to the Americas as well. In the early years, when the slaves had just begun arriving, there was a great deal of pressure placed on them, by the European plantation owners and missionaries, to convert to Catholicism. Despite these attempts by the plantation owners, Santerà ­a was still openly practiced, and the number of practitioners was increasing. Since in performing openly their religion many harsh beatings and punishments were administered, the religious followers tended to incorporate many Catholic elements into their religion. One factor that helped to make the two religions look similar to the plantation owners was that many of the orishas, the primary gods, shared many of the same physical characteristics that the Catholic saints possessed. This made the slaves appear to be practicing Catholicism although they were practicing their native, African religions. Believers of Santerà ­a place their faith in the orishas. The orishas are not as powerful or as omnipotent as their predominant God, Olodumare, or Olorun. Olorun is the source of ashe, the spiritual energy that makes up the entire universe, all life and all things material. The orishas are the spirits or gods that interact with humans by controlling nature and attending to the daily needs of the religion's followers. They are approachable and can be counted on to come to the aid of followers by guiding them to a better life, materially as well as spiritually. In other words, they are emissaries of God. Furthermore, each orisha possesses a distinct personality. Communication between orishas and humankind is accomplished through ritual, prayer, divination and offerings (ebo). Depending on the particular orisha that they wish to please, santeros use certain colors and certain animals and play particular drumbeats during their rituals. The music is of great importance because it helps to coax the orisha into "mounting" or possessing the priest.

Understanding Human Nature: Examples from Philosophy and the Arts :: Philosophy

Understanding Human Nature: Examples from Philosophy and the Arts ABSTRACT: Ours is not the first time philosophers have looked to art for examples to illustrate their arguments. One example would be Kierkegaard, who turned to Mozart's operas in an attempt to expose what he called the aesthetic realm of existence. I hold that if Kierkegaard lived today, he would consider the main character of Nikita Mikhalkov's Dark Eyes (1987) as a prototype of the aesthetic way of existence. In order to support my thesis, I first discuss Kierkegaard's theory of the three spheres of existence. I look especially at what he considers to be the main feature of the aesthetic stage, as well as the figure of Don Giovanni in Mozart's opera. Second, I will look at the character of Romano Podroni in Dark Eyes. Finally, I will point out what makes these two characters prototypes of the aesthetic existence: the inhuman way in which they live the temporal dimension of human existence. 1. Kieregaard's theory of the spheres of existence The question of human existence is the focal point of all Kierkegaard's thought. For Kierkegaard, existing meant becoming more and more individual, but this is not given to all human beings in the same measure, because we may be living in an inauthentic way. The fact that someone belongs to the species homo sapiens does not guarantee that that person leads a human existence. In fact, Kierkegaard seems to think that few people — or at least, a minority of people — genuinely live as human beings. So, what does Kierkegaard mean by living in a fully human way? In his view, existence is above all something that has to be shaped. People must make themselves if they want to be themselves. "A man cannot evade this self-realisation; that would be as impossible as evading one's very self — wich is really the same thing, as the self is the same as self-realisation". (1) The self cannot be itself unless it is creating itself. So, the fact that people have to form themselves means that human existence is a task. (2) Kierkegaard writes of three basic stages in this process of self-realisation: the aesthetic stage, the ethical stage and the religious stage. (3) All human beings are currently at one of this stages, depending on the extent to which they have achieved their life-project. Each stage is a way of seeing life, a way of understanding the world.

Marketing Strategies of Catering Firms Essay

Basically, the Descriptive method of research will be utilized in the study since it is designed for the investigation or to gather information about present existing conditions. [1]This will be done by gathering the descriptive data through the use of researcher-made questionnaires. Manuel and Medel(1990) defined Descriptive Research as a research that describes ‘what is’. It involves the description, recording analysis, and interpretation of the present nature, composition or how a person, group or thing behaves or functions in the present. It often involves some type of comparison or contrast.[2] According to Polit and Hungler(1999), Descriptive Research describes what exists and may help to uncover new facts and meaning. The purpose of Descriptive Research is to discover, describe and document. Aspects of a situation as it naturally occurs.[3] In other words, Dsescriptive Reserch design is a valid method for researching specific subjects and as a precursor to more quantitative studies. Whilst there are some valid concerns about the statistical validity, as long as the limitations are understood by the researcher, this type of study is an invaluable scientific tool.[4] Its common means of obtaining information include the use of the questionnaire, personal interviews with the aid of study or interview schedule, and observation, either participatory or not. Descriptive Research includes studies that gives meaning to the quality and standing of facts that are going on. For instance, the information about a group of person, a number of objects, a set of conditions, a class of events, a system of thought or any other kind of phenomenon or experience which one may wish to study.[5] This method will be appropriate and used in the study because it is concerned with the conditions that exist and help to answer the questions involving the Marketing Strategies of Catering Firms in selected towns in Rizal. SETTING OF THE STUDY This study will be conducted in selected towns in Rizal. Rizal is a province located in the CALABARZON, just 16 kilometers east of Manila. The province was named after the country’s national hero,Josà © Rizal. Rizal Governor Dr. Casimiro Ynares III on June 17, 2008 announced the transfer of the Capitol from Pasig. Its P 270-million capitol building, constructed in Antipolo by Ortigas & Co., owner thereof, was completed by December of that year. Built on 5-hectare lot at the Ynares Center, it employs 2,008 employees. The New Capitol was successfully inaugurated on March 4, 2009, bringing back the Capitol Building inside the provincial territory, from which it was absent for 33 years (when Pasig was incorporated into Metro Manila). Rizal is bordered by Metro Manila to the west, the province of Bulacan to the north, Quezon to the east and Laguna province to the south. The province also lies on the northern shores of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the country. Rizal is a mountainous province perched on the western slopes of the southern portion of the Sierra Madre mountain range. Antipolo boasts of a wonderful view of Metro Manila and it is where Hinulugang Taktak, a waterfall popular with tourists, can be found. The Rizal Province will be accessed by the future C-6 Road connecting the provinces of Bulacan and Cavite and cities of Taguig (beside Laguna de bay), Paraà ±aque and Muntinlupa which are located within Metro Manila. [6] The selected towns to be involved in the study are Tanay, Taytay, Angono, Binangonan, and Cainta. Tanay is a first class municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. It is located 57 kilometers (35 mi) east of Manila, although a typical commute between Manila and Tanay will take between one to three hours depending upon traffic conditions. It contains portions of the Sierra Madre Mountains and is bordered by Antipolo City in the northwest, Baras, Morong and Teresa in the west, General Nakar (Quezon Province) in the east, and Pililla, Santa Maria (Laguna province) as well as the lake Laguna de Bay in the south. According to the latest census, it has a population of 94,460 people in 15,720 households. The majority of the population consists of Tagalogs who live near Laguna de Bay, though there are also a significant percentage of mountain dwelling people living in the northern portions of the municipality. The town’s major trades consist of fishing, agriculture and regional commerce. Tanay is also believed to be the birthplace of the Sambal language. [7] *Continuation of Setting of the Study* The City of Taytay is a first class, densely populated municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. It is currently the third most populous municipality in the country. Conurbated with Metro Manila, it is bounded by Cainta on the north, Pasig City and Taguig City on the west, Antipolo City in the East and Angono on the South. It is the â€Å"Woodworks and Garments Capital of the Philippines†.[8] Angono is a first class urban municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. It is known as â€Å"Arts Capital of the Philippines†, and located 30 kilometers (19 mi) east of Manila. According to the latest census of August 1, 2007, it has a population of 97,209 inhabitants (or 4.26% of Rizal province’s total population of 2,284,046) in 15,740 households. First created as a pueblo in 1766, Angono was a barrio of its neighboring town Taytay and Binangonan before being legally proclaimed an independent municipality in 1935 by then President Manuel L. Quezon. It is home to the Angono Petroglyphs, the oldest known work of art in the Philippines. [9] The Municipality of Binangonan is a first class urban municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 249,872 inhabitants in 38,488 households in census. It has a land area of 64.38 km ². A thriving fish port and fishing industry is found in Binangonan, having a long coast line facing the Laguna de Bay, including the western part of Talim Island. The plant of Rizal Cement and Grandspan are in Binangonan as well. Their main livelihood are fishing and farming. With the continuous expansion of Metro Manila, the municipality is now part of Manila’s conurbation which reaches Cardona in its eastern-most part.[10] The Municipality of Cainta (Filipino: Bayan ng Cainta) is a first-class urban municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. It is one of the oldest (originally founded on August 15, 1571), and is the town with the second smallest land area of 26.81 square kilometers (10.35 sq. mi) next to Angono with 26.22 square kilometers (10.12 sq. mi).Cainta serves as the secondary gateway to the rest of Rizal province from Metro Manila. Cainta became one of the most urbanized towns due to its proximity to Manila.[11] Subject Of The Study The subject of the study will be twenty five(25) owners or caterers in selected towns in Rizal. The selected towns to be involved in the study are Tanay, Taytay, Angono, Binangonan and Cainta. The researchers will distribute the questionnaire – checklist to the five(5) catering firms in each selected towns. Sources of Data In this study, the researchers will use a questionnaire – checklist as the main tool in gathering the needed data or information on the marketing strategies of catering firms in selected towns in Rizal. The researchers adapted the questionnaire of Caisip et al, with some modifications to suit the type of respondents. The questionnaire – checklist is divided into three parts: Part 1 pertains to the personal profile of the respondents which includes the age, job position, sex, civil status, educational attainment, monthly salary, type of catering, ownership, accreditation, affiliation and location. Part 2 consists of the profile of catering firms that perceived by the respondents which includes the physical facilities, services offered, capacity, number of staff, income per year, price per pax, target market and amenities. Part 3 contains the different marketing strategies used by the caterers to attract customers. These will be answered by the respondents by putting a checkmark on the corresponding space by using the following five-point scales: SCALE| VERBAL INTERPRETATIONS| 5| Very Much(VM)| Always(A)| 4| Much(M)| Frequently(F)| 3| Moderate(MO)| Occasionally(O)| 2| Little(L)| Rarely(R)| 1| Very Little(VL)| Never(N)| This scale will be used to know the effectiveness of the marketing strategies that the catering firms applied. Procedure Of The Study The researchers underwent planning which includes the formulation of the problem, they decided to go on the title â€Å"Marketing Strategies of Catering Firms in Selected Towns in Rizal†. After the research instructors’ approval of the title, the researchers gathered related literature and studies to complete the Chapter 1 and 2. In Chapter 1, the researchers collected the needed information involving the Introduction, Background of the Study, Theoretical Framework, Conceptual Framework, Statements of the Problem, Hypothesis, Scope and Limitation of the Study, and Definition of Terms. The Statements of the Problem will be pattern to the Study of Caisip, Catherine C. et al. While in the Chapter 2, the researchers did the same thing in gathering the data needed, which includes the Research Method, Sources of Data, Setting of the Study, Subject of the Study, Procedure of the Study, and Statistical Treatment. Upon the completion of the 2 chapters, the research instructors will schedule the researches for the colloquium. So, the constructive criticisms will be made by the panelists for the improvement of the study. Statistical Treatment To analyze the data gathered, the indicated statistical treatment below will be used in the study: Problem number 1: Frequency and Percentage Distribution will be used to determine the profile of the respondents in terms of age, job, sex, civil status, educational attainment, monthly salary, type of catering, ownership, accreditation and affiliation, and location. Problem number 2: Weighted mean will be used to determine the marketing strategies of catering firms in selected towns in Rizal in terms of physical facilities. Frequency and Percentage Distribution will be used to determine the marketing strategies of catering firms in selected towns in Rizal in terms of services offered, capacity, number of staff, income per year, price per pax, target market and amenities. Problem number 3: F-Test(One Way ANOVA) will be utilized to determine if there is any significant difference on the marketing strategies of catering firms in selected towns in Rizal with respect to the different aspects in terms of physical facilities, service offered, capacity, number of staff, income per year, price per pax, target market and amenities. End Notes 1http://www.slideshare.net/Angilo/descriptive-research, July 10, 2012 2Rupinta, Sheila Marie G. et. al â€Å"Status of Tourisim Components in the Different Hospitality Industries in Selected Towns in the Province of Rizal.† 3http://www.reserachproposalsforhealthprofessionals.com/descriptive-research.html 4http://www.experiment-resources.com/descriptive-research-design.html, August 5, 2010 5http://www.slideshare.net/Angilo/descriptive.research, July 10,2011 6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal, August 15,2012 7http://www.wowrizal.com/towns-and-cities/tanay-rizal-facts-location-population-barangays-history/ , April 4 2010 8 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taytay,_Rizal, August 24,2010 9 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angono,_Rizal, July 22, 2012 10 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binagonan,_Rizal, July 7,2012 11